Anemia is a condition in which the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin to carry adequate oxygen to tissues and organs. This leads to fatigue, weakness, and other health complications. It can result from blood loss, decreased production of RBCs, or increased destruction of RBCs.

Common Causes

• Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of iron, vitamin B12, or folic acid.
• Chronic Diseases: Kidney disease, cancer, autoimmune conditions.
• Blood Loss: Heavy menstruation, gastrointestinal bleeding, trauma.
• Bone Marrow Disorders: Aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes.
• Inherited Conditions: Thalassemia, sickle cell anemia.

Symptoms

• Fatigue and weakness
• Pale skin or yellowish complexion
• Shortness of breath, dizziness, or rapid heartbeat
• Cold hands and feet
• Headaches and difficulty concentrating

Diagnosis

• Complete Blood Count (CBC): Measures hemoglobin, hematocrit, and RBC levels.
• Iron Studies & Vitamin Levels: Detects deficiencies.
• Bone Marrow Tests: In complex or unclear cases.