Pediatric Hemato-Oncology is a specialized branch of medicine that focuses on diagnosing and treating blood disorders and cancers in children and adolescents. It combines hematology (the study of blood diseases) and oncology (the study of cancers), providing comprehensive care for young patients with conditions affecting the blood, bone marrow, lymphatic system, and immune system.

Diseases Treated Under Pediatric Hemato-Oncology

• Leukemia: The most common childhood cancer, affecting white blood cells.
• Lymphoma: Cancer of the lymphatic system, including Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin types.
• Solid Tumors: Like neuroblastoma, Wilms’ tumor, or brain tumors.
• Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes: Aplastic anemia and related conditions.
• Inherited Blood Disorders: Thalassemia, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia.
• Other Disorders: Anemia, thrombocytopenia, bleeding and clotting disorders.

Treatment Approaches

• Chemotherapy: Primary treatment for most childhood blood cancers.
• Targeted Therapy & Immunotherapy: Modern, precision-based treatments.
• Stem Cell / Bone Marrow Transplant: For high-risk or relapsed cases.
• Supportive Care: Infection control, blood transfusions, pain management, nutritional support.
• Psychosocial Support: Addressing the emotional and developmental needs of children and families.

Why It’s Unique

• Children are not just “small adults” — their diseases, treatment responses, and side effects differ.
• Focus is on cure rates while also minimizing long-term side effects to ensure healthy growth and development.
• Multidisciplinary teams (pediatric oncologists, hematologists, nurses, psychologists, nutritionists) work together for holistic care.